. Engineering and Contracting . Transverse Fissure Partly Surrounding the Nucleus. part of the ingot while the metal is setting is a cause ol|lingitudinal brittleness when the rail is bent in testing. In.•crvice also, segregated metal frequently causes the type ofrail failure known as split head by causing transverse brit-tleness of the interior metal of the head. The lolling of the wheels over the rail causes a side spreadof the top part of the head, although the exterior metal hasSMficient duciility to flow without breaking the interior inetalmay not have sufficient ductility to stretch side
. Engineering and Contracting . Transverse Fissure Partly Surrounding the Nucleus. part of the ingot while the metal is setting is a cause ol|lingitudinal brittleness when the rail is bent in testing. In.•crvice also, segregated metal frequently causes the type ofrail failure known as split head by causing transverse brit-tleness of the interior metal of the head. The lolling of the wheels over the rail causes a side spreadof the top part of the head, although the exterior metal hasSMficient duciility to flow without breaking the interior inetalmay not have sufficient ductility to stretch sideways, due tolocally excessive carbon and phosphorus, to non-metallic in-clusions or to discontinuities, and a break results whichfinally develops into a split head. • It sometimes happens in the process of manufirtu)e thatsmall particles of slag remain entrapped or emulsified in thestenl, which become elongated into thread-like inclusions inthe rail. Unless very numerous or large, these inclusions do. generally with a transverse fissure branching off from it). Remedies, for Brittleness.—It is intended at this time toindicate only the general nature of the means necessary toremedy brittleness of steel rails. Two entirely independent conditions may be causes of brit-tleness in .;teo! rails; one, the interior segregation of carbonand phosphoius and the other, longitudinal surface seams inthe bottom of the base. To a lesser extent slag and man-ganese suli)hide inclusions may also be causes of , too, theie -ire interior cracks, our knowledge of whichis just in process ol development. Segregation :-?. c, condition that originates ii the makingof the ingot and to keep it at a minimum, the steel should bewell deoxidized silicon, titanium or other means. Alibera) discard should also be made from the top of the in- Well Developed Transverse Fissure. not much affect the tensile properties of the rail steel longi-tudinaily, but they lower the ductility in a tran
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