Stanley and the white heroes in Africa; being an edition from Mr Stanley's late personal writings on the Emin Pasha relief expedition .. . e representatives of these ancient peoples, wererestricted to a few points on the coast. In the seventh century, shortly after the hegira, began thatgreat wave of Mohammedan conquest which swept along allthe shores of the Mediterranean, sparing only Italy. Greecefell; Spain was invaded and no small portion of it held by thenew-comers. They established themselves in Africa with lit-tle difficulty, and before the end of the eighth century, nearlyall the inhab
Stanley and the white heroes in Africa; being an edition from Mr Stanley's late personal writings on the Emin Pasha relief expedition .. . e representatives of these ancient peoples, wererestricted to a few points on the coast. In the seventh century, shortly after the hegira, began thatgreat wave of Mohammedan conquest which swept along allthe shores of the Mediterranean, sparing only Italy. Greecefell; Spain was invaded and no small portion of it held by thenew-comers. They established themselves in Africa with lit-tle difficulty, and before the end of the eighth century, nearlyall the inhabitants of the Barbary States had either been slainor compelled to embrace the Mohammedan religion. An Arabdynasty was established; and has been practically maintained,although the territory has been divided into different govern-ments. Morocco was formed into a separate monarchy about the endof the fifteenth century. It enjoyed considerable prosperity,and its limits were extended at one time, as far south as Tim-buctoo. But this great empire soon fell to pieces; and in 1642the present dynasty became the rulers of Morocco and Fez, to. Tim otJtsKiRTs OF A coxTi^^ENT. B9 which their sovereignty was limited. Rebellions of the moun-tain tribes and other domestic disturbances have retarded thedevelopment of the country, even during the present century;and it is a sufficient commentary upon its condition less than ahundred 3ears ago to state that in 1814 the slavery of Christ-ians was formally abolished, and three years later the govern-ment officially condemned the system of piracy. Tripoli was the second of the Barbary States to assume anindependent history. Conquered by the Turks shortly afterthe middle of the sixteenth century, the sovei-eign authority ofthe sultan was more or less strong, according as the local rulerwas a man of ability and popularity. It had been practicallynothing for something over a century when, in 1835, an expe-dition was sent out from Constantinople, which
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