. The literature of all nations and all ages; history, character, and incident . ved the taste for pastorals,but the pastoral play was a new creation. Tassos shepherdslive in the Golden Age, and while not of courtly fashionneither are they of modern rusticity. The love-sick swainand scornful shepherdess are introduced. Tassos examplewas elaborated by Giambattista Guarini (15 37-1613) in hiscelebrated Pastor Fido, in which a comic vein (importedfrom Spain) mingles with the pure pastoral. Out of the ^ cominedie delV arte^ mostly improvised bytraveling troupes before the common people, arose the
. The literature of all nations and all ages; history, character, and incident . ved the taste for pastorals,but the pastoral play was a new creation. Tassos shepherdslive in the Golden Age, and while not of courtly fashionneither are they of modern rusticity. The love-sick swainand scornful shepherdess are introduced. Tassos examplewas elaborated by Giambattista Guarini (15 37-1613) in hiscelebrated Pastor Fido, in which a comic vein (importedfrom Spain) mingles with the pure pastoral. Out of the ^ cominedie delV arte^ mostly improvised bytraveling troupes before the common people, arose the panto-mime with its Harlequin, Pantaloon, Columbine and opera, I Pagliacci (The Clowns), depicts sucha Sicilian troupe. One of the old plays of the Intronati play-wrights— I Ingannati—may be mentioned as the originalof Shakespeares Twelfth Night. Out of the Florentine Renaissance and the study of theGreek tragedy was evolved the Opera, which has beenaccepted in all modern civilized countries as the highestdevelopment of the sister arts^ Drama and I04 L,ITERATURE OF AI,I. NATIONS. MATTEO BANDEIvLO. Next to Boccaccio, Bandello is the Italian novelist bestknown to foreigners. From his tales, many of which arefounded on history, the Elizabethan dramatists drew variousplots. Matteo Bandello was born at Castelnuovo, in Piedmont,in 1480. He entered the Church, but was not zealous in itsservice. He resided for many years at Mantua, where hesuperintended the education of Lucrezia Gonzaga; but hischief residence was at Milan. In the commotions of thetime his house was set on fire and much of his literary workdestroyed. He then sought refuge in the French territories,near Agen, in company with his friend Fregoso. When thelatter was assassinated in 1541, Bandello accepted from Fran-cis I. the ojBfer of the bishopric of Agen, which he retaineduntil his death in 1562. His novels, eighty-nine in num-ber, were published at Lucca in 1554, and were dedicated toIppo
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