. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. MOTION AND NUTRIENT FLUX Flat plate, Rex = 20,000. 5 a -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Angle of Incidence (degrees) Figure 9. Angle-specific flux from a smooth flat plate at Re, = Open circles show the static response of the model; filled circles, the dxnamic response. The vertical bars are the standard deviation of measure- ments among seven cycles, an index of the intensity of turbulent mixing mcr the model. The arrows indicate the order in which angles were achieved during a cycle of pitching. increases monotoni
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. MOTION AND NUTRIENT FLUX Flat plate, Rex = 20,000. 5 a -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Angle of Incidence (degrees) Figure 9. Angle-specific flux from a smooth flat plate at Re, = Open circles show the static response of the model; filled circles, the dxnamic response. The vertical bars are the standard deviation of measure- ments among seven cycles, an index of the intensity of turbulent mixing mcr the model. The arrows indicate the order in which angles were achieved during a cycle of pitching. increases monotonically with decreasing pitch angle. The abrupt increase in both flux and standard deviation of flux seen near 0° in slow flow (Fig. 6) is absent in this case— turbulent mixing gradually increases as pitch angle de- creases. The cyclically averaged static flux at Rev = () is about times that at Re, = 2700 (). Dynamic flux to the flat plate during decreasing pitch angle is virtually identical to the static flux (rilled circles, Fig. 9). When pitch angle is increasing, dynamic flux is slightly higher than static flux, although the difference be- tween the two is never large. The average dynamic flux at high flow () is about times that at low flow (). The ratio of dynamic to static flux for the flat plate at high Rev is , compared to for the same plate at lower Rev (Table 3). In summary, at a Reynolds number of 20,000, where boundary-layer turbulence intensity is expected to be rela- tively large, flux to a flat plate is relatively high. The higher the angle of incidence, the lower the flux. Flux to a crest of the flow-protected blade is shown in Figure 10A. Static flux varies little with angle of incidence, showing slightly elevated values at the pitch extremes and for a small range of angles near 0°. The cyclic average static flux at Rev = () is about times that at Rev = 2700 (). Dynamic flux to the crest (rilled ci
Size: 1933px × 1292px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
