. The testimony of the rocks; . n even those of the partial submergence of the island,-—that northern mammoth lived in great abundance, ofwhich the remains have been found by hundreds in Eng^ MOSAIC AND GEOLOGICAL. 153 land alone, together with the northern hippopotamus, andat least two northern species of rhinoceros. And thoughthey have all ceased to exist, with their wild associates inthe forests and jungles of the Pleistocene, the cave-hygena,the cave-tiger, and the cave-bear, we know that the descen-dants of some of their feebler contemporaries, such as the ibadger, the fox, the wild cat,
. The testimony of the rocks; . n even those of the partial submergence of the island,-—that northern mammoth lived in great abundance, ofwhich the remains have been found by hundreds in Eng^ MOSAIC AND GEOLOGICAL. 153 land alone, together with the northern hippopotamus, andat least two northern species of rhinoceros. And thoughthey have all ceased to exist, with their wild associates inthe forests and jungles of the Pleistocene, the cave-hygena,the cave-tiger, and the cave-bear, we know that the descen-dants of some of their feebler contemporaries, such as the ibadger, the fox, the wild cat, and the red deer, still liveamid our hills and brakes. The trees, too, under whichthey roamed, and whose remains we find buried in thesame deposits as theirs, were of species that still hold theirplace as aboriginal trees of the country, or of at least themore northerly provinces of the continent. The commonScotch fir, the common birch, and a continental species ofconifer of the far north, the Norwegian spruce [Abies Fig. NORWEGIAN SPRUCE. (Abies excelsa.) J excelsa)^ have been found underlying the Pleistocene drift,and rooted in the mammiferous crag; and for many agesmust the old extinct elephant have roamed amid these ^ 154 THE TWO RECORDS, familiar trees. From one limited tract of sea bottom onthe Norfolk coast the fishermen engaged in dredgingoysters brought ashore, in the course of thirteen years(from 1820 to 1833), no fewer than two thousand elephantsgrinders, besides great tusks and numerous portions ofskeletons. It was calculated that these remains could nothave belonged to fewer than five hundred individual mam-moths of English growth; and, various in their states ofkeeping, and belonging to animals of which only a few ata time could have found sufl[icient food in a limited tract ofcountry, the inference seems inevitable that they must havebelonged, not to one or two, but to many succeeding gen-erations. The further fact, that remains of this ancientelephant {El
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