. Bell telephone magazine . t leastknow what no longer will work well,and we know some approaches that hold promise. In this field one doesnot find certainty, though some fa-natics do perpetrate certitude onthe unwary. As long as something we useworks as we expect it to, no matterhow complicated it is, we are quiteincurious as to how it works. Somany other things are breakingdown, falling apart or malfunction-ing that we must place all our atten-tion to righting them. Whether an automobile, a watch,television set or new-fangledplumbing, we are eager to learnabout their innards only when theydi
. Bell telephone magazine . t leastknow what no longer will work well,and we know some approaches that hold promise. In this field one doesnot find certainty, though some fa-natics do perpetrate certitude onthe unwary. As long as something we useworks as we expect it to, no matterhow complicated it is, we are quiteincurious as to how it works. Somany other things are breakingdown, falling apart or malfunction-ing that we must place all our atten-tion to righting them. Whether an automobile, a watch,television set or new-fangledplumbing, we are eager to learnabout their innards only when theydisappoint our expectations by act-ing up in strange ways. If we mustfix them ourselves, we need under-standing of their operation in orderto begin repairs without causingmore damage. In a device we payothers to put right, we want to knowfirst what we are paying for andwhether we are not better advisedto scrap it and buy a new one. So, too, with the persons weknow, hire and report to. We be-come interested in their motivation. only when their behavior frustratesour objectives. All of us have no-tions, ideas and views as to whatwill make someone do believe that fear works best,whether fear of physical punish-ment, of ridicule suffered in frontof colleagues, of public disgrace orof guilt when his actions are seenby himself to violate standards ofhis duty, honor or profession. Many successful organizations-schools, armies and navies,churches, universities, governmentdepartments and businesses—haveused this principle in the past andwill try to use it in the future. Itworks only to the extent that theorganization can deprive a personof a great measure of free choice(what older writers called liberty)and can constrain him in some wayto remain under the authority ofhim who administers the also needs to prevent retaliationby the man punished—or by hisfriends. Mutinies, rebellions, slow-downs and sabotage are the flowersof evil in the gardens of fear. Thos
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