. Brigham Young University science bulletin. Biology -- Periodicals. Fig. 6. Natural cotton-willovv-tamarisk woodland (riparian) on White River near Bonanza, Uintah County, Utah. Photo by C. L. Hayward. trees as roosting or lookout sites but feeding and nesting elsewhere; (7) birds using the shrubby vegetation for cover and nesting, and feeding either from the shrubs themselves or from the ground nearby; (8) transient and win- tering species using the shrubs for refuge and sometimes feeding from them; (9) primarily ground-dwelling species using the trees princi- pally for refuge or roosting; (
. Brigham Young University science bulletin. Biology -- Periodicals. Fig. 6. Natural cotton-willovv-tamarisk woodland (riparian) on White River near Bonanza, Uintah County, Utah. Photo by C. L. Hayward. trees as roosting or lookout sites but feeding and nesting elsewhere; (7) birds using the shrubby vegetation for cover and nesting, and feeding either from the shrubs themselves or from the ground nearby; (8) transient and win- tering species using the shrubs for refuge and sometimes feeding from them; (9) primarily ground-dwelling species using the trees princi- pally for refuge or roosting; (10) birds of open fields and pasturelands often using fence posts, utility posts, or nearby trees and shrubs for perching. In areas along the streams where the flood- plains are rather broad, groves of cottonwoods and other trees, some of which are dead but still standing, afford nesting and roosting sites for several species of birds that feed also from the trunks and branches of the trees. The Red- shafted Flicker is one of the more common of these although this species also frequently feeds on the ground. Several other woodpeckers are also present including Lewis' Woodpecker and occasionally the Red-headed Woodpecker, both of which occur on the floodplains of die Green River. Along the upper reaches of die Green River and its tributaries the Yellow-bellied Sap- sucker is very common nesting in the stream woodlands. Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers are also present. The Black-capped Chickadee, White-breasted Nuthatch, Red-breasted Nut- hatch, and House Wren would also be included in this category. Several kinds of birds utilize holes in the trees for nesting and roosting but do not feed directly from die trees. The Screech Owl and Pygmy Owl would be examples. The recently invading Starling, the Tree Swallow, and the Mountain Bluebird as well as the Sparrow Hawk would also be representative of this group. The Sparrow Hawk is very conspicuous along most of the waterways of the upper
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