. Handbook of birds of eastern North America; with introductory chapters on the study of birds in nature . e syn-onymous. In some instances, I have taken the common names of the earlier,rather than of the last, edition of the Check-List, in which abbre-viations have been made with consequent loss of definil iCss. Exam-ples are Scaup, Scoter, Crossbill, and other instances where two ormore species, having the same general name, are found in the samelocality. In such cases, it is evident that, to avoid ambiguity, each oneshould have some qualifying title. Definition of Terms.—The accompanying fi
. Handbook of birds of eastern North America; with introductory chapters on the study of birds in nature . e syn-onymous. In some instances, I have taken the common names of the earlier,rather than of the last, edition of the Check-List, in which abbre-viations have been made with consequent loss of definil iCss. Exam-ples are Scaup, Scoter, Crossbill, and other instances where two ormore species, having the same general name, are found in the samelocality. In such cases, it is evident that, to avoid ambiguity, each oneshould have some qualifying title. Definition of Terms.—The accompanying figure, with its namedparts, will explain the meaning of the terms used in the followingdescriptions of birds. The words upperparts and underparts, mentionedso frequently, refer respectively to the whole upper or under surfacesof the body of the bird, from the base of the bill to the root of the tail,but are not applied to either wings or tail. (xiii) XIV PLAN OF THE WORK There are infinite variations in the markings of feathers, and thosefigured present only the patterns most frequently met with. The. shaft of the feather is the midrib, to either side of which the vanes,or webs, are attached. (See Fig. 2.) The Keys.—It is of the utmost importance thoroughly to under- PEEFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION In preparing a revised edition of the Handbook, it was decidedthat any increase in size which would remove it from the ranks of truehandbooks was not to be considered for a moment. The question, then,with which I have been confronted, was, how, within given hmits, to meetthe wants of the bird student of today, who demands, primaril}^, infor-mation concerning the bird in nature. To add materially to the spacegiven to each of the species contained in the first edition would resultin widely overstepping the bounds set by necessity. But, if it were notpossible to present a complete biography of every bird, at least a sug-gestive biography of Lhe bird could be given, and the expansion i
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