. The story of architecture: an outline of the styles in all countries. rmans had de-stroyed thousands of churches by merely setting fireto the roofs had taught a practical lesson, and henceto invent a vault and avoid the use of wood in ceil-ings was the first great problem. In Anjou, Perigord, and Poictou all advancetoward an original solution of the problem was hin-dered by Byzantine influence, for, aside from the in-timate communication ever maintained between theseprovinces and the East, hoards of pilgrims and Tem-plars had returned full of enthusiasm for the Orien-tal monuments which they
. The story of architecture: an outline of the styles in all countries. rmans had de-stroyed thousands of churches by merely setting fireto the roofs had taught a practical lesson, and henceto invent a vault and avoid the use of wood in ceil-ings was the first great problem. In Anjou, Perigord, and Poictou all advancetoward an original solution of the problem was hin-dered by Byzantine influence, for, aside from the in-timate communication ever maintained between theseprovinces and the East, hoards of pilgrims and Tem-plars had returned full of enthusiasm for the Orien-tal monuments which they had seen ; and, as thesegentry contributed largely toward the erection of 294 THE ROMANESQUE STYLE. churches, we find cupolas on pendentives used almostexclusively in servile imitation of St. Sepulchre, andexhibited triumphantly in , at Perigueux(Fig. 114), , at Angouleme, and the monas-tery at Fontevrault. But the builders of eastern and central Franceshowed greater independence, and to the patientmonks of Clunv, Clermont, and Toulouse we owe the. FlG. 116.—Norman groined roof. final solution of the problem and the success of thestyle. The first effort was naturally made with a cir-cular tunnel vault, or barrel vault, as it is sometimescalled, but when this was placed over a nave its nat-ural tendency was to push outward the walls onwhich it rested. To place buttresses at isolated pointson the outside (Fig. 115) was obviouslv of no avail ; toplace innumerable buttresses side- by side, or, in other
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