. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. ADULTERATION OF INSECT POWDER. 9 fPl. II, fig. A). Dnrrant (10) found cJifficiiltv in detecting daisy in genuine insect powder, and Beringer {2) could difference microscopically between the two powders. However easily the hairs Schrenk has referred to may be detected on the unground involucral scales, their presence is very difficult to establish when the scales are pmvdered. Apparently the hairs are very fragile and become readily broken up in the process of grinding. The achenes of ('hrijsantJtcinniii ciiic
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. ADULTERATION OF INSECT POWDER. 9 fPl. II, fig. A). Dnrrant (10) found cJifficiiltv in detecting daisy in genuine insect powder, and Beringer {2) could difference microscopically between the two powders. However easily the hairs Schrenk has referred to may be detected on the unground involucral scales, their presence is very difficult to establish when the scales are pmvdered. Apparently the hairs are very fragile and become readily broken up in the process of grinding. The achenes of ('hrijsantJtcinniii ciiicraiifrfoliinii and ChrijsantJie- iiniiii Leucaiifhriiiiiiii are strikingly different in the powdered form. The achene tissues of the Dalmatian flowers (C. cineraria'foJiiiiii) are cha'r- acterized b}' the numerous crystals, which exhibit a variety of colors under polarized light. On the other hand, the achene tissues of the daisy flowers (C. Leucaiifhemum) exhibit no such crystals, but con- tain a notable amount of a brownish-red material, the location of which is readily demonstrated in a cross-section of the fruit. In a cross-section of the achene, crescent-shaped structures, correspond- ing to each of the ten ribs, stand out very distinctly (fig. 1). When the daisy flower heads are powdered, this brownish-red ma'- terial contained in the crescent-shaped structures breaks ujj into ir- regular, angular fragments, sometimes attached to the surrounding tissues, and sometimes separated from them. These fragments assume a deep, brownish-red color when the powder is heated in a solution of chloral hydrate in Avater about 1:1. Aside from this dark brown material, a portion of the tissue from the white ribs of the daisy achene is another diagnostic character. The outer portion of the rib consists, in radial sec- tion, of Avhat are apparent- ly epidermal cells. They ai)pear to have a palisade- like arrangement, consist- ing ol' cells packed very closely together (I
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