. Mediæval and modern history . much classicallearning and literature that would otherwise have been all the remains of theGreek and Latin classics that wepossess have come to us throughthe agency of the monks. The monks also became thechroniclers of the events of theirown times, so it is to them thatwe are indebted for a large andimportant part of our knowl-edge of the life and happeningsof the early mediaeval the scriptorium, or writingroom of the monastery, filledthat the great publishing house fills in the modern world. The monks became further the almoners of th
. Mediæval and modern history . much classicallearning and literature that would otherwise have been all the remains of theGreek and Latin classics that wepossess have come to us throughthe agency of the monks. The monks also became thechroniclers of the events of theirown times, so it is to them thatwe are indebted for a large andimportant part of our knowl-edge of the life and happeningsof the early mediaeval the scriptorium, or writingroom of the monastery, filledthat the great publishing house fills in the modern world. The monks became further the almoners of the pious and thewealthy, and distributed alms to the poor and needy. Everywherethe monasteries opened their hospitable doors to the weary, thesick, and the discouraged. In a word, these retreats were the inns,the asylums, and the hospitals of the mediaeval ages. Thisspirit of helpfulness and charity found its embodiment in thewomen who became nuns. To a woman is to be attributed theestablishment of the first Christian hospital.^. Fig. 5. A Monk Copyist. (From amanuscript of the fifteenth century) the place in mediaeval society 1 A Roman lady, named Fabiola, in the fourth century founded at Rome, as an actof penance, the first public hospital, and the charity planted by that womans handoverspread the world, and will alleviate, to the end of time, the darkest anguish ofhumanity. — Lecky, Hisioiy of European Morals, vol. ii, p. So 28 THE CHURCH AND ITS INSTITUTIONS [§33 III. THE RISE OF THE PAPACY 33. The Empire within the Empire. Long before the fall ofRome there had begun to grow up within the Roman Empire anecclesiastical state, which in its constitution and its administrativesystem was shaping itself upon the imperial model. This spiritualempire, like the secular empire, possessed a hierarchy of officers,of which deacons, priests or presbyters, and bishops were themost important. The bishops collectively formed what is knownas the episcopate. There were four grades of bisho
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