. Electric railway gazette . bond. In oneof them the flange or collar is soldered to the bondwire, a short distance from its end. In another,this collar is a loose washer, which is held fromslipping back on the bond wire by sharply bend-ing the wire—the washer having a groove orhollow cut across it. Into which the bend the washer against the Inside of therail by pressure on the bend, the end protrudingon the outside Is riveted up. Both these lastnamed varieties may have the same efficiency ofInternal contact as the solid-end bond first men-tioned, provided their flanges do not get
. Electric railway gazette . bond. In oneof them the flange or collar is soldered to the bondwire, a short distance from its end. In another,this collar is a loose washer, which is held fromslipping back on the bond wire by sharply bend-ing the wire—the washer having a groove orhollow cut across it. Into which the bend the washer against the Inside of therail by pressure on the bend, the end protrudingon the outside Is riveted up. Both these lastnamed varieties may have the same efficiency ofInternal contact as the solid-end bond first men-tioned, provided their flanges do not get shaky.(To be confinued.) EI-EGTBIC RAILWAY MOTOES: THEIR CON-STEUCTION AND OPERATION. BY NELSON W. PERRY, (Sixth Article.) MEASURING THE CtTKRENT. Before passing on to another subject It may bewell to call attention to something else we haveaccomplished in the simple instruments we havemade. We have talked of amperes and volts andohms, the three yardsticks by which we measureelectrical phenomena, and have solved a number. of problems involving these terms, but have saidnothing, as yet, as to how the volts and amperesof a current or the ohms of a circuit are deter-mined. We are all probably aware that theamperes are measured by an ammeter and thevolts by a voltmeter, but we may not know onwhat principle either of these instruments is con-structed. We do know, however, that if we havethe volts and amperes we can determine the re-sistance in ohms by Ohms law, but, as a matterof fact, we have constructed a device which, byslight modification, is capable of measuring boththe volts and ohms. We have already stated incidentally that themagnetizing power of a solenoid is equal to thenumber of amperes flowing through it multipliedby the number of convolutions or windings. Tostate it in another way, the amount of pull whicha solenoid will exert upon a soft iron core partlyinserted is also equal to the product of the cur-rent In amperes multiplied by the number ofturns. It may be well
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