Engineering and Contracting . bove the lower servicegate at Pedro Miguel a safety gate. The lock structures comprise in addition tothe chamber structures and gates an emer-gencv dam for each set of locks. This dam isTocated above the locks, and its purpose is toclose the channels leading to the locks when-ever such closure is desirable for any lock structure also includes operating ma-chinery for gates and valves and for emer-gencv dams and at each lock there are elec-tric locomotives for towing vessels throughthe locks. CONSTRUCTION METHODS. The construction of the canal locks inv
Engineering and Contracting . bove the lower servicegate at Pedro Miguel a safety gate. The lock structures comprise in addition tothe chamber structures and gates an emer-gencv dam for each set of locks. This dam isTocated above the locks, and its purpose is toclose the channels leading to the locks when-ever such closure is desirable for any lock structure also includes operating ma-chinery for gates and valves and for emer-gencv dams and at each lock there are elec-tric locomotives for towing vessels throughthe locks. CONSTRUCTION METHODS. The construction of the canal locks involvedfour general classes of work: (1) Excavation:(2) sand and stone supply; (3) concrete con-struction for lock walls and chambers, and(4) gate, valve and machinery erection andinstallation. Since the method of operationwas different for each set of locks, the workat Gatun, Pedro Miguel and Miraflores will bedescribed separately. Gatun Locks.—The Gatun locks, as shownby Fig. 8, occupy a site on the flank of the. Fig. 17. Diagram Plan of Miraflores Locks, Dam and Spillway. gates to the hollow quoin of tlic set farthestupstream the length of lock chamber is 1,181ft. The useful length of these locks for a ves-sel passing downward is assumed to be be-tween the protective chain guarding the lower .gates and the hollow quoins of the upper serv-ice gates. Measured from this protectivechain to the quoins of the lower set of upper eastern hills bordering the Chagrcs valleyat Gatun. The highest elevation of the natu-ral surface on the site was about +30, andthe lowest was approximately +5. Boringsshowed, beginning at the south end of thesite, a rising stratum of argillaceous sand-stone, whose lower slopes were covered withclay, but which became exposed near to the January 7, 1914. Engineering and Contracting north end of the middle locks. Under thisstratum was a stratum of conglomerate, anda stratum of soft sandstone, and then argil-laceous sandstone mixed with tufa. The d
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