. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. The nuchal bone occupies 140 mm. of the free border and is 182 mm. wide at the widest portion; 141 mm. long in the midline. Its greatest thickness at the midline is 36 mm. The bridge peripherals are very high, about 230 mm. and therefore nearly as high as the costals, the fourth of which is 257 mm. high. The thickness of the inner surface ot the hinder periph- erals increases to about half of the height and is then suddenly reduced, the maximum being about 23 mm. The pygal is 80 mm. wide at the free border, 114 mm. at the upper border and 83 mm
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. The nuchal bone occupies 140 mm. of the free border and is 182 mm. wide at the widest portion; 141 mm. long in the midline. Its greatest thickness at the midline is 36 mm. The bridge peripherals are very high, about 230 mm. and therefore nearly as high as the costals, the fourth of which is 257 mm. high. The thickness of the inner surface ot the hinder periph- erals increases to about half of the height and is then suddenly reduced, the maximum being about 23 mm. The pygal is 80 mm. wide at the free border, 114 mm. at the upper border and 83 mm. high in the mid- line. Its thickness at the midline is 24 mm. The second costal is 70 mm. wide near the proximal end, 88 mm. at the distal end. The third is 100 mm. Fig. 554-—Testudo osborniana. Skull of type, wjde at the proximal end, 70 mm. at right side. X §. tne distal end. The fourth has a width of 68 mm. at the proximal end, 90 at the distal end. The fifth has the dimensions respec- tively 83 mm. and 76 mm. The sixth is 73 mm. wide proximally, 102 distally. The seventh is 48 mm. across the proximal end, 93 across the distal. It is seen from these figures that, as in other species of Testudo, the costals, omitting the first, are alternately widened and nar- rowed proximally, whilst alternately narrowed and widened at the distal ends. The degree of differentiation among the costals is, however, less than is usual in the genus. The neural bones have the dimensions given in the table below. The first suprapygal is 93 mm. long at the midline, 40 mm. wide at the upper end, and 183 mm. at the lower, the bone having the usual notch in its lower, or hinder, border. The second suprapygal has a median length of 69 mm. and a width of 92 mm. The vertebral scutes are large, the dimensions being shown in the table. The nuchal is small, being 27 mm. wide at the anterior end, 11 mm. at the hinder end, and 52 mm. long. The supracaudal scute is 225 mm. rom side to side, and has a heigh
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