. Java, Sumatra and the other islands of the Dutch East Indies . r-treatment; the lowerleaves make their appearance as Souchong ; the lowest ofall are sold as Congo.^ Green tea is obtained by drying the newly-pluckedleaves at once upon heated iron plates ; so as to preventthe fermentation and oxidisation which turn the leaf obtain black tea the leaves are first scattered and ex-posed to the air, when they shrivel and curl up ; they arethen rolled and bruised several times in roller-machines,for ten or twelve minutes each time ; they are then placedin flat bamboo baskets or trays, to f
. Java, Sumatra and the other islands of the Dutch East Indies . r-treatment; the lowerleaves make their appearance as Souchong ; the lowest ofall are sold as Congo.^ Green tea is obtained by drying the newly-pluckedleaves at once upon heated iron plates ; so as to preventthe fermentation and oxidisation which turn the leaf obtain black tea the leaves are first scattered and ex-posed to the air, when they shrivel and curl up ; they arethen rolled and bruised several times in roller-machines,for ten or twelve minutes each time ; they are then placedin flat bamboo baskets or trays, to ferment and oxidise bycontact with the air, and finally go to the drying-machine.^ ^ Concerning tea, see H. Neuville, Technologie du the. Compositionchimique de la feuille. Recolte et manipulation. Procedes asiatiques (Paris, 1905, large 8vo). The usual form of drying-machine consists of a series of metaldrawers with perforated bottoms, which slide into an iron frame orchest. Hot air is drawn or driven up or down through the whole.—[ AGRICULTURE: VARIOUS CROPS 233 Tea-planting has been in a state of continual expansionin the Dutch Indies since 1865, when the State renouncedits monopoly. In 1907 the crop amounted to 11,494 tons. The trade in quinine is as vigorous and valuable asthat in tea. This precious tree, according to Junghuhn,was introduced in 1854, from Callao, by the botanist,Justus Karl Hasskarl, after a long and perilous forty-eight trees which were still in a healthy condi-tion when Java was reached were immediately replantedin the garden of Tjibodas, at a height of nearly 5,000feet above sea-level, by the famous botanist-gardener,Teysmann. The experiment was so completely successful that thecultivation of the cinchona-tree was rapidly taken upthroughout the Preangers, and then in the centre of a great many experiments the Buitenzorg laboratorydiscovered that the species CalysayUy imported fromSouth America in 1865, t
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