. Field and computer techniques for stem analysis of coniferous forest trees. Conifers Physiology. paint, in planes at right angles to the vertical axes of stems. Stump and breast height diameters were measured with a diameter tape. Where information about stem cross-section eccentricity in re- lation to cardinal direction was desired, special stump and breast height stem marks were made before trees were felled. North and south (or east and west) cardinal direction stem exposures were marked with vertical spray paint lines (fig. 2). Analyses of cross-section TREE FELLING Where possible, felli
. Field and computer techniques for stem analysis of coniferous forest trees. Conifers Physiology. paint, in planes at right angles to the vertical axes of stems. Stump and breast height diameters were measured with a diameter tape. Where information about stem cross-section eccentricity in re- lation to cardinal direction was desired, special stump and breast height stem marks were made before trees were felled. North and south (or east and west) cardinal direction stem exposures were marked with vertical spray paint lines (fig. 2). Analyses of cross-section TREE FELLING Where possible, felling was done along contour—not over drainages or rock outcrops—to avoid excessive breakage. Felling into adjacent trees was avoided as much as possible to prevent hangups, severe breakage, and loss of candidate treetop. Stands with hemlocks were especially difficult to work within because the long crowns easily became eccentricity information are made separately from the same ring count and ring interval measurement data collected for height-diameter and height-age growth evaluations. The stump was cut either 2 inches above or 2 inches below the stump ring mark, with care taken not to undercut across the stump mark. If the cut was below stump mark, the undercut left a flat surface on 4. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Herman, Francis R. cn; DeMars, Donald J. cn; Woollard, Robert F. Portland, Or. : Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service
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