History of the United States . lly declared unconstitutional theprincipal plank in the platform of the Repub-lican party, the leaders of which denouncedthe decision and declared that they would notabide by it. 192. The Atlantic Cable.—A severe disturb-ance or depression in business and financialcircles in 1857 was followed in 1858 by anotable triumph of American inventive genius, in the laying ofthe first Atlantic cable from Newfoundland to Ireland. MatthewFontaine Maury, superintendent of the Naval Observatory at17 257 A JAMES BUCHANAN Born Franklin CountyPa., April 23, 1791Federalist support
History of the United States . lly declared unconstitutional theprincipal plank in the platform of the Repub-lican party, the leaders of which denouncedthe decision and declared that they would notabide by it. 192. The Atlantic Cable.—A severe disturb-ance or depression in business and financialcircles in 1857 was followed in 1858 by anotable triumph of American inventive genius, in the laying ofthe first Atlantic cable from Newfoundland to Ireland. MatthewFontaine Maury, superintendent of the Naval Observatory at17 257 A JAMES BUCHANAN Born Franklin CountyPa., April 23, 1791Federalist supporter ofWar of 1S12; elected leg-islature of Pennsylvania,1814; electe d Congress,1820; in diplomatic serviceunder President Jackson;elected to U. S. Senate in1833; Secretary of Stateunder Polk; minister toGreat Britain under Pierce;elected President, 1856,serving one term; deniedthe alleged right to seces-sion and also that of com-pelling States to remain inthe Union; ultimately .sup-ported Lincolns adminis-tration. Died 258 ADMINISTRATION OF JAMES BUCHANAN Washington, prepared the plan, and Cyrus W. Field, an energeticmerchant of New York, pushed the work to completion.^ 193. The Lincoln=Douglas Debates.—Politically, the year 1858was momentous in bringing to general notice a hitherto almostunkno^vn western lawyer, Abraham Lincoln. He was brought^ , forward by the Republicans of Illinois in con- ^ ~^fek. ^^^^ ^^\\)^ Stephen A. Douglas for the United M 9B States Senate. Joint debates were held byfl^ -^gfei^^^ the two candidates in an extended campaign,1 %^ ^P which resulted in the election of Douglas. Onthe question of the extension of slavery, how-ever, Lincoln forced his opponent to makecertain admissions which ultimately alienatedfrom Douglas many of his supporters, splitMATTHEW FONTAINE thc Democratlc party, and, two years later,Born spoulyivania ©nabled Liucolu himsdf to attain the greaterfsT^fenIred u!^s!?avy: P^^^^ ^f the Presidency. Si obs^er;a?°f844- Liuc
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