. The sanitation of cities. edeffectively against the onslaught of epidemicpestilence when thus attacked. The sanitary modern city has been well de-scribed by an ingenious writer as the result of anumber of contributing developments which havecreated a unit that may reasonably be comparedwith the human organism; with its skeleton, thecity streets; the water distributing pipes andsewers, its arteries and veins. Through thearteries, so called, courses the water which is thelife-blood of the community; and through the so-called veins, the sewers, pass off the liquid mat-ters contaminated in the p


. The sanitation of cities. edeffectively against the onslaught of epidemicpestilence when thus attacked. The sanitary modern city has been well de-scribed by an ingenious writer as the result of anumber of contributing developments which havecreated a unit that may reasonably be comparedwith the human organism; with its skeleton, thecity streets; the water distributing pipes andsewers, its arteries and veins. Through thearteries, so called, courses the water which is thelife-blood of the community; and through the so-called veins, the sewers, pass off the liquid mat-ters contaminated in the processes of the bodilyfunctions. To carry the simile further, the heartmight be compared to the waterworks pumpingplant, and the kidneys to the sewage disposalsystem. Thus the city may be looked upon as anorganism, as well as a social unit, having itsorganic life and requiring for its normal existence 7 Zbc Sanitation of Cities the healthful performance of its various func-tions. The present century is especially the age of. CROSSNESS, LONDON, ENGLANDSewage pumping station cities. The urban population of the UnitedStates in the thirty years from 1880 to 1910 in-creased from to per cent, and in thelast decade alone there has been an increase ofmore than 35 per cent. People prefer to live incities primarily because of better facilities forearning a living from trade and industry, andbecause of better opportunities for social enjoy-ment and recreation. Secondarily, because theconveniences of life are afforded in greatermeasure than in rural communities. The industries and commerce that are thephysical support and wealth of a city are largelydependent upon means of communication andtransportation by rail and by water, and upon 8


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