. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. Oedeb 160.—FILICES. s Order CLX. FILICES. Ferns. r Sjpm a perennial, creeping, horizontal riiizome, or sometimea erect and arbores- cent. Fronds (fruit-bearing leaves) va- riously divided, rarely entire, with forked veins, and mostly circinate vernation. Frwdificaiion occupying the back or mar- gin of the fronds, arising from the veins. Sporangia (spore-cases) of one kind, scat- tered or clustered in sori, 1-colled, con- tai
. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. Oedeb 160.—FILICES. s Order CLX. FILICES. Ferns. r Sjpm a perennial, creeping, horizontal riiizome, or sometimea erect and arbores- cent. Fronds (fruit-bearing leaves) va- riously divided, rarely entire, with forked veins, and mostly circinate vernation. Frwdificaiion occupying the back or mar- gin of the fronds, arising from the veins. Sporangia (spore-cases) of one kind, scat- tered or clustered in sori, 1-colled, con- taining numerous, minute spores. An- Oieridia and pistiUidia formed after ger- mination, on the young plant. (See figs^ 491—601.) Genera 200, speciea 2000.—A and in- teresting order of flowerless plants, distin- cnished for their elegant, plume-Hke foliage. Thoy are usually a few Inches to a few feet high, but some of tlie tropical species, as tho Cyatheas of both Indies, are 15—25 feet high, Vicing with the palms in eizo and beauty. Properties. — Generally mucilaginous and mildly astringent, hence considered pectoral. Aspidiuni and Ptcris are anthelmintic. Os- muinda regalis has been successfully adminis- tered for the rickets. Ohmr'oaUQti.—The fructification of the ferns, with its various appendages, is too minute to bo well observed by the naked eye; but an examination of it with the aid of a good lens canuot fail to be interesting and 739 Polypodium vulgare. T40 Frond. 741 Lobe of the frond enlarged, showing the Borl. 742 One of the sori enlarged, showing the spor- angia. 748 One sporange further magnified, bursting and discharging the spores. 744 Soruft of Aspidium nnarginale coYered witll the indu- sium, 745 Same, side view. \ SUBORDERS AND GENERA. § Frond cauline, solitary, straight in vernation. Stem erect, (a) § Fronds cauline, several, palmate (or radical and filiform), (b) § Fronds all radical, clustered (never filiform), circinate i
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