A descriptive catalogue of useful fiber plants of the world : including the structural and economic classifications of fibers . nds) of degummed filasse. This is a yiehl which I haveproven in all ray experiments (De Landtsheer). This means that a long ton of greenramie stalks with leaves will yield 46i pounds of decorticated fiber, which will give25 pounds of degummed filler, the figures forming a ready basis of calculation whenthe total weight of an acre of stalks is known. Extraction of the Fiber.—There are but three ways in which the fiber of Chinagrass and ramie may be extracted: By hand s
A descriptive catalogue of useful fiber plants of the world : including the structural and economic classifications of fibers . nds) of degummed filasse. This is a yiehl which I haveproven in all ray experiments (De Landtsheer). This means that a long ton of greenramie stalks with leaves will yield 46i pounds of decorticated fiber, which will give25 pounds of degummed filler, the figures forming a ready basis of calculation whenthe total weight of an acre of stalks is known. Extraction of the Fiber.—There are but three ways in which the fiber of Chinagrass and ramie may be extracted: By hand stripping, as practiced in China; byboiling the stalks in water or solutions, which also requires a certain amount of handmanipulation; and by machinery. The stripping by hand can only be made to paywhere wages are down to the level of these paid in China, and almost the same maybe said of boiling processes, on account of the after handling necessary to separatetrash from fiber when the bark separation has been accomplished. As far as theDepartment has knowledge of new machines, this phase of the raiuie question is still. 90 USEFUL FIBER PLANTS OF THE WORLD. unsettled, though progress is being made from year to year, as ohl machines areim]>roved and ne\v ones are devised. For further considerations of this subject, seeAppendix A. Degumming of thk Raw Fibkr.—Before tlie fiber can be combed, it is subjectedto a cliemical treatment called degumming. Through the researches of the late , member of the French Institute, it has been shown that the gums and cementsholding together the filaments of ramie are essentially composed of pectose, cntose,and vasculose, while the filier itself is coni])oscd of fibrose, cellulose, and its deriva-tives. The theory of degumming, tlierefore, is to dissolve and wash ont the gumswithout attacking tlie cellulose. In order to eliminate the vasculose and cutose itis necessary to employ alkaline oleates or canstic alkalies, employed under pr
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