Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . sacri-legious, homicides, and perjurers, whose departure is a doublegain. Europe rejoices to lose them and Palestine to gain them;they are useful in both ways, in their absence from here and theirpresence is unnecessaryto describe themovements andfate of these cru-saders ; suffice itto say that, froma military stand-point, the so-calledSecond Crusadewas a miserablefailure. In the year1187, forty yearslater, Jerusalemwas recaptured by Saladin, the m
Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . sacri-legious, homicides, and perjurers, whose departure is a doublegain. Europe rejoices to lose them and Palestine to gain them;they are useful in both ways, in their absence from here and theirpresence is unnecessaryto describe themovements andfate of these cru-saders ; suffice itto say that, froma military stand-point, the so-calledSecond Crusadewas a miserablefailure. In the year1187, forty yearslater, Jerusalemwas recaptured by Saladin, the most heroic and distinguished of all the Moham-medan rulers of that period. The loss of the Holy City led tothe most famous of all the military expeditions to the HolyLand, in which Frederick Barbarossa, Richard the Lion-Heartedof England, and his political rival, Philip Augustus of France,all took part (see above, p. 123). The accounts of the enterpriseshow that while the several Christian leaders hated one anotherheartily enough, the Christians and Mohammedans were comingto respect one another. We find examples of the most courtly. Fig. 49. Tomb of a Crusader The churches of England, France, and Germany contain numerous figures in stone and brass of crusading knights, reposing in full armor with shield and sword on their tombs 178 Medieval and Modern Times The Fourthand subse-quentCrusades relations between the representatives of the opposing 1192 Richard concluded a truce with Saladin, by the termsof which the Christian pilgrims were allowed to visit the holyplaces in safety and comfort. In the thirteenth century the crusaders began to direct theirexpeditions toward Egypt as the center of the Mohammedanpower. The first of these was diverted in an extraordinarymanner by the Venetians, who induced the crusaders to con-quer Constantinople for their benefit. The further expeditionsof Frederick II (see above, p. 163) and St. Louis need not bedescribed. Jerusalem was i
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