. Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. r development of eyes in males usually corre-lates with the presence of wings and thus activityoutside of galleries. Some alate males, however, havesmall eyes. Very large, inflated eyes with prominentfacets, occur in males of many pale species whichdisperse nocturnally. This combination of pale orsomber body coloration and large eyes is, of course,a condition found in many nocturnal insects, as wellas in nocturnal vertebrates. In females and nymphs throughout the order theeyes are very small and have relatively few a condit
. Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. r development of eyes in males usually corre-lates with the presence of wings and thus activityoutside of galleries. Some alate males, however, havesmall eyes. Very large, inflated eyes with prominentfacets, occur in males of many pale species whichdisperse nocturnally. This combination of pale orsomber body coloration and large eyes is, of course,a condition found in many nocturnal insects, as wellas in nocturnal vertebrates. In females and nymphs throughout the order theeyes are very small and have relatively few a condition in adult females is nymphoid and isassociated with almost complete confinement in silkgalleries where activities are probably guided moreby touch than sight. Males of well-pigmented spe-cies, especially those which disperse diurnally, mayhave smaller eyes often with dark pigment in the facetinterstices. In a few species the head is nearly hol-optic; the space between the eyes being very narrowand the post-ocular cranial bulk greatly reduced ().. Figure 6. Scanning Electron Micrograph photo of eye ofadult male of Oligotoma nigra. Antennae The antennae of both sexes are basically similarthroughout the order. They are annulated and fili-form, thus similar to those of Grylloblatta and nu-merous other orthopteroid insects. An antenna consists of a scape, a pedicel andmany flagellar segments (flagellomeres). Few spec-imens can be found with a complete number becauseterminal segments frequently are broken or bitten offby other embiids. However, these may be partiallyregenerated if lost during an early nymphal general, the number of flagellar segments seemsto coiTelate with body size; the laigest number, about32, is present in adults of large species and the small-est number, as few as 11, is found in tiny species ofthe family Teratembiidae. Adults of average size,such as those of Oligotoma spp., tend to have about19 flagellar segments. Antennae of the first instar
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