. The ecological distribution of animal life in Central and South America. little Draba, the last of the flowering plants(Gadow 1908). On the Nevado at 3108 meters, on the south side, herbaceousvegetation finds its upper li^ilt, while on the north, away from thesun, and with more moistin-e, it ascends considerably further. Onthis side the ocote pines go up to about 3721 meterj^ where theycease rather suddenly without dwarfing. Thence forward there isshort grass in tussocks, and, lastly, the barren pinnacle of thecone, for at least 305 meters. 2* South America, On the western slope of Chimboraz
. The ecological distribution of animal life in Central and South America. little Draba, the last of the flowering plants(Gadow 1908). On the Nevado at 3108 meters, on the south side, herbaceousvegetation finds its upper li^ilt, while on the north, away from thesun, and with more moistin-e, it ascends considerably further. Onthis side the ocote pines go up to about 3721 meterj^ where theycease rather suddenly without dwarfing. Thence forward there isshort grass in tussocks, and, lastly, the barren pinnacle of thecone, for at least 305 meters. 2* South America, On the western slope of Chimborazo, at an altitude between3657 and 3962 meters, the vegetation consists chiefly of hassocksof a Stlpa and a Festuca, so that the general aspect is that of agrey barren waste; but at short intervals are deep gullies whosesides are lined with mosses, and sprinkled with calceolarias, lu-pines, and other pretty plants. Near the Arenal (the moraine of the glacier), is the limit of all vegetation (Spruce 1908), Ihave found nothing in regard to the animal life of these regions. IV. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS,a. General Habits of Animals in Areas Studied. Tropical Rain Forest - Distribution of the mammals whichare lypical of this region is dependent mainly upon moisture, tem^perature, and light. The region is poor in terrestrial animals ofany size, and rich in arboreal species. There is a remarkable de-velopment of the arboreal habit among mammals. So extreme is thetree-dwelling habit here, that ^ sometimesjfind species, whichseem to be not especially adapted to the arboreal life, to be tree-inhabiting. Also, we find species which, in temperate regions, e,g. the tiger beetles, are soil burrowers, developing in the tropi-cal rain forest the twig boreing habit. Most of the mammals, birdfreptiles, and an^hibians inhabit the roof-garden which is formed bythe tree-tops, and many of them are gorgeously colored. The manycreatures found below the tree-roof, living habitually on thebranc
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