. Power, heating and ventilation ... a treatise for designing and constructing engineers, architects and students . ight difference in pressure which causes thereturn water from the inner sections to be drawn into the outerones, thus producing water-hammer and imperfect circulation ofsteam. In the case of overhead heaters the returns may be sealed by thewater-line of the boiler or by the use of a special water-line trap,but vertical-pipe heaters resting on foundations near the floorare usually provided with siphon loops, extending into a pit. Ifthis arrangement is not convenient, a separate tr
. Power, heating and ventilation ... a treatise for designing and constructing engineers, architects and students . ight difference in pressure which causes thereturn water from the inner sections to be drawn into the outerones, thus producing water-hammer and imperfect circulation ofsteam. In the case of overhead heaters the returns may be sealed by thewater-line of the boiler or by the use of a special water-line trap,but vertical-pipe heaters resting on foundations near the floorare usually provided with siphon loops, extending into a pit. Ifthis arrangement is not convenient, a separate trap should beplaced on the return from each section. FORCED BLAST HEATING AND VENTILATION 229 The main return, in addition to its connection with the boilersor pump receiver, should have a connection with the sewer forblowing out when steam is iirst turned on. Sometimes each section is provided with a connection of thiskind. Large automatic air valves should be connected with each sec-tion, and it is well to supplement these with a hand pet-cock,unless individual blow-off valves are provided as described TBAPTOSEWES TRAP TO RECEIVER Fig. 157. Connections with Sections Interchangeable. Provision for Exhaust from Engine.—If the fan is driven bya steam engine, provision should be made for using the exhaustin the heater, and part of the sections should be so valved thatthey may be supplied with either exhaust or live steam as 156 shows in diagram a method of making the connectionsfor a heater in which three of the sections may be used in thisway. Another way of accomplishing the same result is shownin Fig. 157. In this arrangement all of the sections are inter-changeable. From 50 to 60 square feet of radiating surface should beprovided in the exhaust portion of the heater for each enginehorse power, and should be divided into at least three sections, 230 HEATING AND VENTILATING PLANTS so that it can be proportioned to the requirements of differentoutside tempe
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