. The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent; designed for the use of practitioners and students . Fig. 152. Diagram of pneumohydrothorax. Left side. Sitting position. Level line of fluidseen in left chest. Heart displaced to right. Retracted left lung not indicated; it would make aslight shadow in upper portion of left chest. is at a certain level, especially if the pneumohydrothorax is in the leftside, the pulsations of the heart disturb its surface, and the waves causedby the partially submerged and beating heart can be observed. In the upper
. The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent; designed for the use of practitioners and students . Fig. 152. Diagram of pneumohydrothorax. Left side. Sitting position. Level line of fluidseen in left chest. Heart displaced to right. Retracted left lung not indicated; it would make aslight shadow in upper portion of left chest. is at a certain level, especially if the pneumohydrothorax is in the leftside, the pulsations of the heart disturb its surface, and the waves causedby the partially submerged and beating heart can be observed. In the upper portion of the chest, and toward the median line, theslight shadow of the retracted lung may often be seen ; if the lung is HYDROTHORAX. PNEUMOTHORAX. EMPYEMA 243 tuberculous, it would be darker than if it were not diseased, and wouldnot be so much retracted as if it were healthy. The heart is much dis-placed to the opposite side. The fluid may be seen to rise with inspira-tion, because of the pushing up of the diaphragm on the diseased sidewhen this muscle descends on the well side and to fall with CPW: W^ Fig. 153. C. P. VV. Pneumohydrothorax on left side. Appearances seen with patient sittingup. (Wiien lying down, the whole of the left side was dark.) Tuberculosis at right Heartdrawn to the right. The level of the fluid sharply defined, as indicated by the dark line over thefourth rib on the left side. When the patient was inclined to the right or to the left, the surface of thefluid remained level. When the patient was gently shaken, the splashing of the fluid could befollowed. (One-third life size.) It is said that the fluid may rise slightly with each systole while thebreath is held, but I have not seen it. The expansion of the lung,consequent upon the subsidence of the fluid and the absorption of theair, may be watched upon the screen if the perforation closes. The tracing given above (Fig. 153) also illustrates the appearancesseen on the screen in p
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