. Electric railway journal . ades of air-drying coach colorsand rubbing varnishes. The most important feature of the process lies in theextraordinary rapidity of the work. The baking on of acoat of enamel, instead of taking one or two days for dry- is usually applied by sprinkling the material in the formof powder over the surface to be covered and then sub-jecting the metal to a gentle heat, just sufficient to fusethe powdered enamel into a homogeneous covering. In the case of varnish makers enamel no fusing of anydescription takes place. The action of hardening after ap-plication is produced
. Electric railway journal . ades of air-drying coach colorsand rubbing varnishes. The most important feature of the process lies in theextraordinary rapidity of the work. The baking on of acoat of enamel, instead of taking one or two days for dry- is usually applied by sprinkling the material in the formof powder over the surface to be covered and then sub-jecting the metal to a gentle heat, just sufficient to fusethe powdered enamel into a homogeneous covering. In the case of varnish makers enamel no fusing of anydescription takes place. The action of hardening after ap-plication is produced by the evaporation of the turpentine,or thinner, and by the oxidation of the oils used in theenamel exactly as in the case of paint, except that withenamels the hardening action is assisted by the fossil gumcontent. Baking enamels differ from air-drying enamelsonly in the details of treatment. They are made from thesame gums, the same oils and the same classes of pig-ments; but because they are artificially dried at a rapid. Hudson & Manhattan Painting—Exterior View of Car, Showing Ventilators Covered with Paper Pasted to the Roof ing as required by air-drying paints, is completed in aboutthree hours. The four coats used on the Hudson & Man-hattan cars therefore involve a loss of but twelve hourstime, and, with a liberal allowance of time for application,it becomes easily possible to get a car through the shop intwo days. With a sufficiently large force, this time mighteven be made to include cleaning off, although should anextra day be allowed for the removal of the old paint thecars need be held hardly more than one-fourth as long asthey would be under standard methods. The savingthrough the increase in equipment available for service isobvious. In fact, the coat of varnish which is given an-nually to surface cars could by this means be applied prac-tically between rush hours. DEVELOPMENT OF BAKING ENAMELS As understood in the varnish-manufacturing industry theterm enamel
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