. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. ABORIGINAL FISHING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 105 OREGON JcALirORNlA banding of fish resources was unknown aboriginally, if ritual con- servation procedures are Techniques used in aboriginal northern California fisheries show endless local variations, for which geographical conditions are chiefly- responsible within the limited area of study. Particular gear might be restricted to a geographical point; for instance, a type o
. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. ABORIGINAL FISHING IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 105 OREGON JcALirORNlA banding of fish resources was unknown aboriginally, if ritual con- servation procedures are Techniques used in aboriginal northern California fisheries show endless local variations, for which geographical conditions are chiefly- responsible within the limited area of study. Particular gear might be restricted to a geographical point; for instance, a type of net used at Ishipishi Falls on the Klamath, while familiar to Indians up and down the river for fifty miles, is thus restricted. Engineering difficulties limit sites for native weirs. Poisons are effective only in ponds. Culturally prohibited devices were few, although bow and arrow fish- ing was tabu in parts of northwest- ern California, and it was an incidental pastime elsewhere. An important cul- tural deficiency was in watercraft; dug- out canoes were lacking south of the Many techniques have compact distribu- t i o n s in the area (see map, Fig. 33) : (1) the A-frame net for surf and river fishing; (2) mutu- ally exclusive, the arc dip net;7 (3) fish-poisoning, near- ly coterminous with the ar« dip net; (4) the truncate cone plunge basket, from which fish are re- moved through the open apex, not used north of the Pomo. Weirs, traps and pounds are widely distributed, though applied only in lo- callv suitable Fig. 33. Map showing limits of Indian fishing traits in northern California. A. Southern limit of use of dugout canoes. B. A-frame dip nets. C. Arc-dip nets. D. Use of fish poisons. •Heizer, 1940, has made a study of native California canoe types. 1 The "Arc Dip Net" describes a long-handled gear with a single bowed cross- piece net-stretcher; when the handle is pushed downward into the water the mouth of the net opens, while lifting
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