. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. itive Arthrodiran. 7. Cheirolepis, primitive ganoid. 8, 9. Dipterus,primitive lung-fish. Pterichthys, bottom-living Ostracoderm allied to by Dean, Hussakof, and Horter, partly after Traquair. Models in theAmerican Museum of Natural History. waters and the seas. Remotely allied to this stock are thefirst air-breathing lung-fishes (Dipnoi), represented by Dipterus;also the lobe-finned, or fringe-finned ganoids from whichthe first land vertebrates were derived. From a single
. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. itive Arthrodiran. 7. Cheirolepis, primitive ganoid. 8, 9. Dipterus,primitive lung-fish. Pterichthys, bottom-living Ostracoderm allied to by Dean, Hussakof, and Horter, partly after Traquair. Models in theAmerican Museum of Natural History. waters and the seas. Remotely allied to this stock are thefirst air-breathing lung-fishes (Dipnoi), represented by Dipterus;also the lobe-finned, or fringe-finned ganoids from whichthe first land vertebrates were derived. From a single locality,in the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland, Traquair has recovered RISE OF MODERN FISHES 171 a whole fossil series of these archaic fish types as they livedtogether in the fresh water or the brackish pools of Upper De-vonian time. (Fig. 51). In this period the palaeogeographers (Schuchert) obtain theirfirst knowledge of the evolution of the terrestrial environmentin the indications of the existence of parallel mountain rangeson the British Isles, of active volcanoes in the Gaspe region of. PALEOOEOGHAPHY. EARLY LOWER DEVONIAN (HELDERBERGIAN-GEOINNlAN-HEHOYNfAN-KONIEPRUSSIAN) TIME AFTER SCHUCHEnr. APRIL. 1916 ^ ^^MARINE DEPOSITS ^-^CONnNENTAL DEPOSITS ^ MOUNTAINS AND VOLCANOES Fig. 52. Theoretic World Environment in Early Lower Devonian Times. The period of the early appearance of terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates. Thisshows the hypothetical South Atlantic continent Gondivana and the Eurasiatic inlandsea Tethys, according to the hypotheses of Suess. Modified after Schuchert, 1916. New Brunswick, of the mountain formations of South Africa,and of the depressions of the centre of the Eurasiatic continentinto the great central Mediterranean Sea, known as the Tethysof the great Austrian geologist, Suess. In the seas of this time,as compared with Cambrian seas, we observe that the trilo-bites are in a degenerate phase, the brachiopods are relativelyless numerous, the echino
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