Spain/Al-Andalus/Germany: View and plan of Toledo by Georg Braun (1541-1622) and Frans Hogenberg (1535-1590), Germany, c. 16th century. Populated since the Bronze Age, Toledo (Toletum in Latin) grew in importance during Roman times, being a main commercial and administrative centre in the Roman province of Tarraconensis. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Toledo served as the capital city of Visigothic Spain, beginning with Liuvigild (Leovigild), and was the capital of Spain until the Muslims conquered Iberia in the 8th century. Under the Caliphate of Cordoba, Toledo enjoyed a golden age.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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