A complete history of Texas for schools, colleges and general use . sia. First voyage by steam from Eng-land to India. 1826.—Ottoman Empire at war with Russia. 1827.—Charles X. begins to render the government of France an absolutedespotism. Battle of Navarino, in which England, France, andRussia defeated the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, and secured the indepen-dence of Greece. 1828.—Leo XII. dies, and Pius VIII. succeeds as Pope. 1839.—Peace or Treaty of Adrianople, between Russia and Turkey, bywhich mutual rights and relations of the two countries were estab-lished, and independence of Greece was


A complete history of Texas for schools, colleges and general use . sia. First voyage by steam from Eng-land to India. 1826.—Ottoman Empire at war with Russia. 1827.—Charles X. begins to render the government of France an absolutedespotism. Battle of Navarino, in which England, France, andRussia defeated the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, and secured the indepen-dence of Greece. 1828.—Leo XII. dies, and Pius VIII. succeeds as Pope. 1839.—Peace or Treaty of Adrianople, between Russia and Turkey, bywhich mutual rights and relations of the two countries were estab-lished, and independence of Greece was recognized. 1830.—Revolution in France. Charles X. attempts to destroy liberty ofthe press and abolish the chamber of deputies. The people rebel,Charles is forced to resign, and Louis Philippe, the Citizen King,is chosen his successor. Pope Pius VIII. dies. 1831.—Gregory XVI. becomes Pope. Mazzini begins his attempt to or-ganize Young Italy. 1832.—Uprising of Young Italy under leadership of Mazzini, but itfails. Death of Goethe and Sir Walter Causes of theTexas revolu-tion Character ofAmerican col-onists lPc^o^ imii. THE REVOLUTION.—1832-1836. CHAPTER leading to the Texas Revolution. THE causes which produced the revolution of Texas fromMexico were many and fundamental. Outside thedistrict of Bexar, the inhabitants of this province weremainly from the United States of America, who hadinherited the traditions, temper, and political principles of apeople naturally tenacious of their own laws and institutions, andeducated by centuries of experience to the highest standards ofpersonal freedom and civil liberty. They were engaged in thepeaceful pursuits of agriculture, stock-raising, and generalindustry, .animated by the orderly instincts of their race, andthort)ughly loyal to the great doctrine of local all things, they had the Anglo-American hatred of agovernment in which the civil was subordinated to the militarypower, or in


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