. De re metallica. Metallurgy; Mineral industries. BOOK VIII. UESTIONS of assaying wore explained in the last Book, and I have now come to a greater task, that is, to the description of how we extract the metals. First of all I will explain the method of preparing the ore'; for since Nature usually creates metals in an impure state, mixed with earth, stones, and solidified juices, it is necessary to separate most of these impurities from the ores as far as can be, before they are smelted, and therefore I will now describe the methods by which the ores are sorted, broken with hammers, burnt, cr
. De re metallica. Metallurgy; Mineral industries. BOOK VIII. UESTIONS of assaying wore explained in the last Book, and I have now come to a greater task, that is, to the description of how we extract the metals. First of all I will explain the method of preparing the ore'; for since Nature usually creates metals in an impure state, mixed with earth, stones, and solidified juices, it is necessary to separate most of these impurities from the ores as far as can be, before they are smelted, and therefore I will now describe the methods by which the ores are sorted, broken with hammers, burnt, crushed with stamps, ground into powder, sifted, washed, roasted, and calcined^.. Stamp .. Stamper .. Pilum Lifter .. Pilum Shoes .. Capita Mortar-box .. Box .. Capsa Cam-shaft ..Barrell ..Axis .. Denies .. Pili denies . .Laminae foraminum plenae . .Lactts ^As would be expected, practically all the technical terms used by Agricola in this chapter are adaptations. The Latin terms, canalis, area, lacus, vasa, cribrum, and fossa, have had to be pressed into service for many different devices, largely by extemporised combinations. Where the devices described have become obsolete, we have adopted the nomenclature of the old works on Cornish methods. The following examples may be of interest :— Simple buddle = Canalis simplex Short strake = Area curia Divided buddle = Canalis tahellis dislinctus Canvas strake = Arealinteisexlensis contecta Ordinary strake = Canalis devexus Limp = Radius. The strake (or streke) when applied to alluvial tin, would have been termed a " tye " in some parts of Cornwall, and the " short strake " a " ; In the case of the stamp mill, inasmuch as almost every mechanical part has its counterpart in a modern mill, we have considered the reader will have less difficulty if the modern designations are used instead of the old Cornish. The following are the essential terms in modern, old Cornish, and L
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