The Encyclopedia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literatureWith new maps, and original American articles by eminent writersWith American revisions and additions, bringing each volume up to date . rld-disk kept its ground for cen-turies, and the figure of the earth put on the miserable guiseshown in fig. 2. It was only by the Greek fathers that thedoctrine of the earths sphericity continued to be taughtjand; as the knowledge of Greek rapidly died out in westernEurope, the fountain was dried up from which a betterscience might have been derived. Many minor modifica-tions
The Encyclopedia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literatureWith new maps, and original American articles by eminent writersWith American revisions and additions, bringing each volume up to date . rld-disk kept its ground for cen-turies, and the figure of the earth put on the miserable guiseshown in fig. 2. It was only by the Greek fathers that thedoctrine of the earths sphericity continued to be taughtjand; as the knowledge of Greek rapidly died out in westernEurope, the fountain was dried up from which a betterscience might have been derived. Many minor modifica-tions were introduced into the map of theworld, butthe fundamental type remained as given in fig. lay in the centre, Paradise in the extreme artists gave life to the disk of the world by turretedpictures of towns—.lerusalem, Troy, Babylon, Rome, «tc.,and drew Adam and Eve in the midst of a Paradise whicU 518 MAP was defended a fence of thorns or of flames, and, beingcoasidsred the highest place ia the world, was alwaysintroduced at the - top of the map ! The positions ofJerusalem a:id Paradise served to fix the other long this conception reaaained in vogue appears from Septen-. OcciJena. the fact that in 1422 Leonardo Dati, in a poem on thesphere {Delia Spera), wrote, AT within an O shows thedesign (Uii T dentre a una 0 mostra il disegno), thus this way the whole science of cartography sank backbelow the level attained by the Ionian Greeks. 5. Map-maldnij among the Arabians.—The Qrst develop-ment of geographical science among the Arabs took placeat Baghdad about 772 , in the reign of the caliphMansiir, and tinder the influence of an Indian astronomerand mathematician; and, not long after the works of Euclid,Archimedes, Aristotle, and Ptolemy were translated intoArabic, by orders of the caliph Mamun (813-S33), a degreewas measured in Mesopotamia in the plain of Sinjar, and asystem of the world (Rasm el-ard) was constructed by hislib
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Keywords: ., bookauthorbaynesth, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookyear1892
