. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 532 CEPHALOPODA. In Onychoteuthis the inner lip (d, Jig. 218) is tumid, and merely subplicated; the angles of the external labial membrane are extended along the middle of each foot for a short dis- tance. In Sepia the inner lip is fringed, as in Nautilus. The outer lip is tied down by mus- cular bands to the bases of the arms, but sends forward eight short, conical, unarmed processes. In Loligopsis and Cranchia the outer-lip sends off a muscular band to the base of each arm, but has no free processes. In Octopus the suc
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 532 CEPHALOPODA. In Onychoteuthis the inner lip (d, Jig. 218) is tumid, and merely subplicated; the angles of the external labial membrane are extended along the middle of each foot for a short dis- tance. In Sepia the inner lip is fringed, as in Nautilus. The outer lip is tied down by mus- cular bands to the bases of the arms, but sends forward eight short, conical, unarmed processes. In Loligopsis and Cranchia the outer-lip sends off a muscular band to the base of each arm, but has no free processes. In Octopus the suckers commence immediately round the mar- gin of the oral aperture, which is so con- tracted that the mandibles can seldom be seen without dissection: the inner-lip is fimbriated, as in Sepia. In Ocythoe it is tumid and entire, but pli- cated both circularly and transversely. The tongue is a large and complicated organ, and is constructed on the same plan in both orders of Cephalopods. In the Nau- tilus it is supported by an oblong horny transversely striated substance, which appears to represent the body of an os hyoides (a, Jig. 236.) The posterior ex- tremity of this substance is free, or connected only by a few filaments with the parts above, but its anterior extremity is embraced by a pair of retractor muscles (6), which originate from the posterior margins of the lower mandible. The fleshy substance of the tongue, thus supported, is produced ante- riorly, and forms three caruncles (c), very soft in texture, and beset with numerous papillae, having all the characters of a perfect organ of taste. The anterior or terminal caruncle is the largest, and four delicate retractor or depressor muscles (d) are inserted into it. Behind the caruncles the dorsum of the tongue is encased with a thin layer of horny matter, about five lines in length, from which arise four longitu- dinal rows of slender prickles (e), which are from one to two lines in length, and are in- curvated backward
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