Principles and practice of operative dentistry . as far as possible in all operations. The stoop-ing position so often assumed by many operators is not conducive to fulland regular breathing, and sooner or later will result in stooping shoulders,contracted chest, and pulmonary complaints. The operator should always be careful to breathe through the which produce a bad breath should never be indulged in. Thecontact of the operator with the patient should be at as few points as pos-sible. People of refinement and culture appreciate the efforts of the den-tist to guard them against an


Principles and practice of operative dentistry . as far as possible in all operations. The stoop-ing position so often assumed by many operators is not conducive to fulland regular breathing, and sooner or later will result in stooping shoulders,contracted chest, and pulmonary complaints. The operator should always be careful to breathe through the which produce a bad breath should never be indulged in. Thecontact of the operator with the patient should be at as few points as pos-sible. People of refinement and culture appreciate the efforts of the den-tist to guard them against any unnecessary contact of person. The dentalchairs as made to-day are capable of such changes that the position of thepatient can be suited to any requirement, so that the only contact that isnecessary to support and guard the hands of the operator is that of resting EXAMINATION OF THE TEETH AND MOUTH. 123 the ends of the ring and fourth fingers upon some portion of the patientsface, while the fingers of the left hand control and guard the Mouth-mirrors. INSTRUMENTS USED IN EXAMINATIONS. The instruments and appliances which are necessary to a thorough ex-amination of every portion of the crown of each individual tooth are ofseveral kinds,—viz., mirrors, magnifying-glasses, explorers, electric mouth-lamp, floss-silk, separators, and wedges. Mirrors.—Plane and concave mirrors are both necessary in a criticalexamination of the tissues and organs of the oral cavity. The plane mir-ror gives the best and sharpest image, and is therefore the most important means of obtaining a view of theFig. 261. defects upon those surfaces of the teeth which are not in a di-rect line of vision. The concave mirror gives anenlarged but less distinct image ;its greatest value lies in its powerof concentrating the rays of lightand illuminating the obscure por-tions of the mouth. These in-struments should always be in the very best condition. A dull orscratched mirror cannot give a clear and di


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectdentist, bookyear1920