. Animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative. RESPIRATORY ORGANS OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 269 :^l| staiitly to flow, by mechanism adapted for the purpose. Their form and position in the Crab are shown at h, b', fig. 47^ Although these animals usually reside in the water, or only quit it occasionally, there are some species, known under the name of land-crahs, which have the power of living for some time at a distance from water. In order to prevent their gills from drying up, which would destroy their power of acting on the air, there is a kind of spongy structure in the gill-chamber, by which a fl
. Animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative. RESPIRATORY ORGANS OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 269 :^l| staiitly to flow, by mechanism adapted for the purpose. Their form and position in the Crab are shown at h, b', fig. 47^ Although these animals usually reside in the water, or only quit it occasionally, there are some species, known under the name of land-crahs, which have the power of living for some time at a distance from water. In order to prevent their gills from drying up, which would destroy their power of acting on the air, there is a kind of spongy structure in the gill-chamber, by which a fluid is secreted that keeps them constantly moist. 316. In theMoLLUSCA we find the gills arranged in a great variety of modes. In the lowest class, the TuNiCATA, the respiratory membrane is merely the lining of the large chamber formed by the mantle (fig. 63), through which a stream of water is continually made to flow by ciliary action (§ 319); and this surface is sometimes extended by the folding or plaiting of the membrane. In most of the Con- CHIFBRA, however, we find four lamellxje or folds of membrane Fig. 148. Larva of Fig. H9.—Rkspiratory apparatus of the Oyster. one of the valves of the shell; v', its hinge ; m, one of the lobes of the mantle", m', a portion of the other lobe folded back; c, muscles of the shell; hr, gills; />, mouth ; <, tentacula, or prolonged lips; /, liver; », intestine; o, anus- co Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Carpenter, William Benjamin, 1813-1885. London : H. G. Bohn
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