Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian Polymath
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (November 19, 1711 - April 15, 1765) was a Russian polymath, scientist and writer. Among his discoveries was the atmosphere of Venus and the Law of Mass Conservation in chemical reactions. His spheres of science were natural science, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, history, art, philology, optical devices and others. He was also a poet and influenced the formation of the modern Russian literary language. In 1745, he published a catalogue of over 3,000 minerals, and in 1760, he explained the formation of icebergs. He got close to the theory of continental drift, theoretically predicted the existence of Antarctica, and invented sea tools which made writing and calculating directions and distances easier. In 1755 Lomonosov wrote a grammar that reformed the Russian literary language by combining Old Church Slavonic with the vernacular tongue. In 1754, in his letter to Leonhard Euler, he wrote that his three years of experiments on the effects of chemistry of minerals on their color led to his deep involvement in the mosaic art. He died in 1765 at the age of 53. Most of his accomplishments were unknown outside Russia until long after his death.
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