. Beekeeping; a discussion of the life of the honeybee and of the production of honey. Bees; Honey. 136 Beekeeping. The typical mandible of the Hymenoptera is like those of the queen and drone while the worker mandible is a specialized type. The fact that the worker mandible is smooth and rounded is often pointed out in connec- tion with the fact that worker bees cannot puncture fruit. It need scarcely be said that queens and drones never injure fruit. The mandibles are moved by two sets of muscles (Fig. 70, A, EMcl and RMcl) with their origin in the head. On each mandi- ble is the opening of
. Beekeeping; a discussion of the life of the honeybee and of the production of honey. Bees; Honey. 136 Beekeeping. The typical mandible of the Hymenoptera is like those of the queen and drone while the worker mandible is a specialized type. The fact that the worker mandible is smooth and rounded is often pointed out in connec- tion with the fact that worker bees cannot puncture fruit. It need scarcely be said that queens and drones never injure fruit. The mandibles are moved by two sets of muscles (Fig. 70, A, EMcl and RMcl) with their origin in the head. On each mandi- ble is the opening of a gland {IMdGl), located in the head (Fig. 69, A, B; Fig. 70, A, B), which is a large sac in the worker (Fig. 70, A) but is reduced in the drone (Fig. 70, B). In the queen (Fig. 69, B) it reaches its greatest size. It was originally described by Wolff ^ as a mucous gland which serves to keep the surface of the roof of the mouth moist, where he thought the olfactory organs are located. The function of this gland is not clear, but it is supposed by Arnhart ^ to func- tion in softening wax. This theory rests on the assumption ^jq 71 Fig. 70. — A, right mandible of worker with muscles and mandibular gland (IMdGl) attached ; B, corresponding view of mandible of drone with muscles cut Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Phillips, Everett Franklin, 1878-1951. New York, The Macmillan company; London, Macmillan & co. , ltd.
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectbees, bookyear1915
