. Mediæval and modern history . e as well as to reign, andsecured for Eng- land great pres-tige in Henry asthe Defenderof the Faith. Itwas early in thereign of HenryVIII that MartinLuther tacked hisfamous ninety-five theses uponthe door of thechapel at Wit-tenberg. Likeall the rest ofWestern Chris-tendom, Englandwas profoundlystirred. When, a little later, Luther attacked directly the papal power, Henry wrotea Latin treatise refuting the arguments of the audacious monk. The Pope, Leo X, rewarded Henrys Catholic zeal by confer-ring upon him the title of Defender of the Faith (1521).
. Mediæval and modern history . e as well as to reign, andsecured for Eng- land great pres-tige in Henry asthe Defenderof the Faith. Itwas early in thereign of HenryVIII that MartinLuther tacked hisfamous ninety-five theses uponthe door of thechapel at Wit-tenberg. Likeall the rest ofWestern Chris-tendom, Englandwas profoundlystirred. When, a little later, Luther attacked directly the papal power, Henry wrotea Latin treatise refuting the arguments of the audacious monk. The Pope, Leo X, rewarded Henrys Catholic zeal by confer-ring upon him the title of Defender of the Faith (1521).This title was retained by Henry after the secession of the Churchof England from the Papal See, and is borne by his latest successorto-day, although he is defender of quite a different faith fromthat in the defense of which Henry first earned the title. 332. Henry seeks to be divorced from Catherine. We havenow to relate some circumstances which very soon changed Henryfrom a zealous supporter of the Papacy into a bitter Fig. 62. Henry VIII. (After a painting by Holbein) 302 THE ENGLISH REFORMATION [§ 333 Henrys marriage—he married Catherine of Aragon, the widowof his brother Arthur—had been prompted by policy and notby love. Of the five children born of the union, all had diedsave a sickly daughter named Mary. In these successive afflic-tions which left him without a son to succeed him, Henry sawor feigned to see a sign of Heavens displeasure because he hadtaken to wife the widow of his brother. And now a new cir-cumstance arose, if it had not existed for some time previous tothis. Henry fell in love with Anne Boleyn, a beautiful andvivacious maid of honor in the queens household. This newaffection so greatly quickened the kings conscience that he soonbecame fully convinced that it was his duty to put Catherineaside. Accordingly Henry asked the Pope, Clement VII, to granthim a divorce. Clement gave no immediate decision, but afterabout two years delay, influenced
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