. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . erature at the maximum tensilestrength, this maximum is held by steel No. 1 having thelowest carbon content from about 460° to about 610°, arange sufficiently great to include the temperatures of themaximum tensile strengths of all of the other steels, ex-cept No. 4, whose maximum holds from about 440° toabout 570°. The average temperature at the maximum strength forall the steels is about 540° ; and the average for the lowest,prior to reaching the maximum, is about 220°. So thatit may be sta
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . erature at the maximum tensilestrength, this maximum is held by steel No. 1 having thelowest carbon content from about 460° to about 610°, arange sufficiently great to include the temperatures of themaximum tensile strengths of all of the other steels, ex-cept No. 4, whose maximum holds from about 440° toabout 570°. The average temperature at the maximum strength forall the steels is about 540° ; and the average for the lowest,prior to reaching the maximum, is about 220°. So thatit may be stated roughly, on the basis of these tests, thatthe tensile strength of ordinary steel is at its minimum atabout the boiling temperature of water and that it reachesits maximum at about 550° Fahr. .\fter this last temperature has been reached there is asteady tall in strength as the temperature rises, until when1600° or a cherry red heat is reached the strength hasbeen prettv well lost, and there is an average strength ofbut about13,000 lbs. with a range from 5,000 to 20,50011)S. per sq. 300 100 500 600 100 600 900 iOOO noO 1200 - 1300 1400 Curves Showing Effect of Temperature on the Tensile Strength of Steel Bars 1500 1600 strengths, we see. as would be exi:)ected, that it is thecarbon that is the controlling factor and that the effect ofthe manganese seems to be practically negligible. If a diagram showing the imjjurities were to he laidout it would be seen that the carbon line rises in an almoststraight line from steel .No. 1 to Xo. 10, while there arewide irregularities in that of the manganese. This even rise of the carbon makes it difficult to accountfor the grouping of the steels of the upper carbon con-tent. For example, there is a difference of but six pointsbetween Nos. 5 and 6 and fourteen points between Nos. hrom a structund standpoint this is a matter of littleimportance, hut it shows how steels, whose ultimatestrengths range from 66,000 lbs. to 164,000
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