. Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . nded. Arenaria, p. 106. GENUS APHRIZA. 282. Aphriza virgata {GmeL). Surf Bird. Base of tail, upper coverts, and a broad bar on wing white. Adults insummer: upper parts, head. neck, and chest, slaty gray, specked and streaked with whitish, and spotted on scapulars ■«^^^^^^S^^^^ with rufous; belly white, specked with dusky. Adults in winter: like summer adults, but with upper parts, head, and ^^ ^-^- neck plain dusky or slaty gray. Young: back brownish gray, fea
. Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . nded. Arenaria, p. 106. GENUS APHRIZA. 282. Aphriza virgata {GmeL). Surf Bird. Base of tail, upper coverts, and a broad bar on wing white. Adults insummer: upper parts, head. neck, and chest, slaty gray, specked and streaked with whitish, and spotted on scapulars ■«^^^^^^S^^^^ with rufous; belly white, specked with dusky. Adults in winter: like summer adults, but with upper parts, head, and ^^ ^-^- neck plain dusky or slaty gray. Young: back brownish gray, feathers edged with white; throat and breast white, streaked with dusky. Length: 10, wing 7, bill ., tarsus Distribution. — Pacific coast of America from Alaska to Chili. The surf bird has never been found in abundance, and its breedinggrounds are unknown. GENUS ARENARIA. General Characters. — Bill short and sharp, with the tip inclined up-wards ; toes uuwebbed; lower back and base of tail white; rump white,,with black patch. KEY TO SPECIES. 1. Throat white morinella, 107. 1. Throat black melanocephala, OYSTER-CATCHERS 107 Arenaria morinella (imn.). Ruddy Turnstone. Adults. — Throat and belly white, chest crossed by a broad black ))and ;back coarsely mottled with rufous and black; head variously : similar to adult but duller, without rufous on back, and with thechest band mottled dusky gray. Length: , wing (, bill .,tarsus 1. Distribution. — Arctic America, breeding from the Mackenzie River east-ward ; south in migration, chiefly coastwise, to Patagonia and the FalklandIslands. Rare in the interior and on the Pacific coast. Nest. — A slight depression in ground lined with grass and : usually 4, grayisli olive, spotted with dark brown. 284. Arenaria rQelanocephala (Fi>.). Black in summer. — Crown and upper back black, with greenish bronzygloss; rest of head, neck, throat, a
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