. The uses of Elliman's embrocation for horses, dogs, birds, cattle . nd the tendons are not elastic ;they are of a definite and fixed length, and, if made to stretchbeyond their length, some of their fibres become ruptured andthey give way in part ; this is one reason of sprain. All thetime the power is exerted in the direction it was intended to take,the strength of a tendon is incalculable and marvellous. Whena horse leaps over a fence, as he lands there is a second of timewhen all the weight of both himself and his rider has to beborne on one leg. During this time there is probably somethi
. The uses of Elliman's embrocation for horses, dogs, birds, cattle . nd the tendons are not elastic ;they are of a definite and fixed length, and, if made to stretchbeyond their length, some of their fibres become ruptured andthey give way in part ; this is one reason of sprain. All thetime the power is exerted in the direction it was intended to take,the strength of a tendon is incalculable and marvellous. Whena horse leaps over a fence, as he lands there is a second of timewhen all the weight of both himself and his rider has to beborne on one leg. During this time there is probably something like a tonweight on two of the principal ligaments and the tendons,allowing of course for the impetus and drop on the far side ofthe jump. This may be repeated many times in a day without injury,but let the horse hesitate, or land with a twist, or on a stumpthat gives a turn to his leg, and the most disastrous strainmay result. The explanation is this—the tendon, or ligament, which byits office resembles a tendon, is composed of hundreds of distinct 14 mvmi/f> ■■:. .-. ./iff: ;- ■*■*■,. HORSES. I5 fibrils: these are welded together on the principle of a bundle ofsticks, which can bear a greater strain than a solid piece of woodcan of the same weight. The ends where tendons and ligamentsare attached to bones spread out, fan-like, and thus obtain awider insertion, as it is called. A twist or semi-circularmovement, when the structure is already taut, results ina stretching of some fibres or an injury less severe than actualrupture, but still a sprain or strain. There is every degree of sprain, from a slight over-extensionto absolute division and complete breakdown ; but the principleis everywhere the same, and this is what we wish to make clear. There is a class of sprains which to any but surgeons seemsquite inexplicable. Such strains are not the result of a dropjump, or a twist, or of a treading upon a stone, nor are theycaused by concussion or by any
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