Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography . sagainst these fortresses and at the same time at-tacked the army of Antiochus in the pass. While THERMUM. 1163 the battle was going on in the pass, the Roman de-tachment, which had succeeded in taking Callidm-mum, appeared upon the heights, threatening thekings rear, in consequence of which Antiochus im-mediately took to flight. (Liv. xxxvi. 15—19.)There are still remainsof three Hellenic fortressesupon the heights above Thermopylae, which probablyrepresent the three places mentioned by Livy. Appian(Si/r. 17) speaks only of Callidromum and Teichius,bu
Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography . sagainst these fortresses and at the same time at-tacked the army of Antiochus in the pass. While THERMUM. 1163 the battle was going on in the pass, the Roman de-tachment, which had succeeded in taking Callidm-mum, appeared upon the heights, threatening thekings rear, in consequence of which Antiochus im-mediately took to flight. (Liv. xxxvi. 15—19.)There are still remainsof three Hellenic fortressesupon the heights above Thermopylae, which probablyrepresent the three places mentioned by Livy. Appian(Si/r. 17) speaks only of Callidromum and Teichius,but Strabo (ix. p. 428) mentions Rhoduntia relates that the fortifications of Thermo-pylae were restored by Justinian (f/e Aed. iv. 2). (On the topography of Thermopylae, see the excel-lent account of Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. pp. 5,seq., 40, seq.; there is also a treatise by Gordon,Account of two Visits to the Anopaea or the Uirjh-lands above Thermopylae, Athens, 1838, which thewriter of this article has not seen.). MAP OF TilEUJIOPYLAE AXU THE SUKROUNKINO ( liUNTKV. A A. Alluvial Pi-fseiit line of coast,111). Present course of tlie Ancient line of Present course of the Present course of the Asupus. THERMUM, THERMUS or THERMA (jh ©ep-(lov, Pol. ; TO Strab. x. p. 463; Pol. v. Steph. B. : Eth. Qipfiios: Vlokho), thechief city of Aetolia during the flourishing period ofthe Aetolian League, and the place where the meet-ings of the league were usually held and an annualfestival celebrated. It possessed a celebrated templeof Apollo, in connection with which the festival wasprobably celebrated. It was situated in the veryheart of Aetolia, N. of the lake Trichonis, and on aheight of Mt. Panaetolium {Viena). It was con-sidered inaccessible to an army, and from the strengthof its situation was regarded as a place of refuge,and, as it were, the Acropolis of all Aetolia. Theroad to it ran fr
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