. Electric railway journal . and steps taken toobviate them. It has been observed dur-ing a period of two years that the failuresmay be roughly placed in three generalclasses: (1) Mechanical, including onlythe failures due to faults in the trackswitch or associated therewith, such asloose or tight tongues, bent or brokentongues, loose or bent connecting rods andlinks, dirt or snow and ice in switchpocket; (2) Electrical, including all burnt-out magnet coils or relays or resistancetubes, blown fuses, wires detached fromcontactors, worn contactors, defective cir-cuit changers, worn trolley wheel
. Electric railway journal . and steps taken toobviate them. It has been observed dur-ing a period of two years that the failuresmay be roughly placed in three generalclasses: (1) Mechanical, including onlythe failures due to faults in the trackswitch or associated therewith, such asloose or tight tongues, bent or brokentongues, loose or bent connecting rods andlinks, dirt or snow and ice in switchpocket; (2) Electrical, including all burnt-out magnet coils or relays or resistancetubes, blown fuses, wires detached fromcontactors, worn contactors, defective cir-cuit changers, worn trolley wheels, and weak tensionsprings in trolley bases; (3) Operating, such asfast operation under contactors, failure to use ornot to use power at the proper time, failure topreserve proper distance from car ahead. The itemsof worn wheels and weak tension springs arereally mechanical or equipment troubles, and failuredue thereto must not be counted against the course operating failures are not apparatus failures. ELECTRIC. FIG. 14.—ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CROSSING DERAILAND SEMAPHORE SIGNAL 692 Electric Railway Journal Vol. 52, No. 16 The three groups described have been found to classifythemselves into the following approximate percentagesof the total failures reported yearly: (1) Mechan-ical, 15 per cent; (2) electrical, 75 per cent, and (3)operating, 10 per cent. In connection with failures it may be said that theproper measure of electric switch performance is based
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