. British fresh water fishes. Fishes -- Great Britain. xii INTRODUCTION. bones" imbedded in the flesh of the fish; the points of the interspinous bones are attached to the spinous processes of the vertebrae, each by a ligament, their heads are firmly united to the bases of the fin rays; this arrangement between the median fins, the interspinous bones, and the vertebral spinous processes, may easily be seen by anyone, who will take the trouble to look out for it, when he is eating a fried Perch for breakfast or dinner. The caudal fin or tail is the chief organ of motion in a fish; by a rap
. British fresh water fishes. Fishes -- Great Britain. xii INTRODUCTION. bones" imbedded in the flesh of the fish; the points of the interspinous bones are attached to the spinous processes of the vertebrae, each by a ligament, their heads are firmly united to the bases of the fin rays; this arrangement between the median fins, the interspinous bones, and the vertebral spinous processes, may easily be seen by anyone, who will take the trouble to look out for it, when he is eating a fried Perch for breakfast or dinner. The caudal fin or tail is the chief organ of motion in a fish; by a rapid succession of oblique lateral impulses the fish is enabled to dart through the water at a very quick pace. There are two distinct types of tail in fishes, one being much more common than the other: in one type this organ consists of two equal or nearly equal lobes, which are attached to the spinous processes of the posterior part of the vertebral column; as is the case in all the British fresh-water species of fish, with the exception of the Sturgeon. This symmetrical tail is said to be homoccrcal; from ofio'^, "the same," and Kepico<i, "the ; The other type of tail, which occurs in the Sturgeon, Sharks, Dog-fishes, &c., exhibits an unsymmetrical form, for the lobes are unequal, while the vertebral column runs right into the upper portion of the tail; this structural arrangement is designated hy the terva. keterocercal; from erepo^, "different," and KepKo<;, "the tail" (See this form of tail in the plate of the Sturgeon.). Skeleton of Perch. The interspinous bones are seen between the vertebral column and the dorsal fins. The skeleton is either osseous or cartilaginous. Most of the British fresh-water species have osseous skeletons, and belong to the sub-class Teleostei ; others, as the Lampreys, have cartilaginous skeletons throughout life; in some fishes, as in the Sturgeon, the skeleton is partly cartilaginous; in the
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