. Research methods in ecology. Plant ecology. PHYSIOGRAPHY 83 Slope 121. Concept. This term is used in the ordinary sense to indicate the relation of the surface of a habitat to the horizon. Although it is a com- plex of factors, or rather influences several factors, these are readily de- terminable. The primary effect of slope is seen in the control of run- off and drainage, and consequently of water-content, although these are likewise affected by soil tex- ture and by surface. Slope, more- over, as a concomitant of exposure, has an important bearing upon light and heat by virtue-of deter- m
. Research methods in ecology. Plant ecology. PHYSIOGRAPHY 83 Slope 121. Concept. This term is used in the ordinary sense to indicate the relation of the surface of a habitat to the horizon. Although it is a com- plex of factors, or rather influences several factors, these are readily de- terminable. The primary effect of slope is seen in the control of run- off and drainage, and consequently of water-content, although these are likewise affected by soil tex- ture and by surface. Slope, more- over, as a concomitant of exposure, has an important bearing upon light and heat by virtue-of deter- mining the angle of incidence, and also tipon wind, and, through it, upon the distribution of snow. At present, while it can be expressed definitely in degrees, it has not yet been connected quantitatively with more direct factors. This is, how- ever, not a difficult 'task, and it is probable that we shall soon come to express slope principally in amount of run-off, and of incident heat. 122. The clinometer. In the simplest form, this instrument is merely a semicircle of paper, with each half graduated from 1-90". It is mounted on a board and placed base upward, upon a wooden strip, 2 feet long and 2 inches wide, which has a true edge. At the cen- ter of the circle is attached a line and plummet for reading the per- pendicular. A more convenient form is shown in figure 28, which is both clinometer and compass. This also necessitates the use of a. Fig. 27. Mountain barometer: (a) in carry- ing case; (t>) set up for Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Clements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward), 1874-1945. Lincoln, Neb. , University Pub. Co.
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