. Elements of geology : a text-book for colleges and for the general reader. Geology. 528 CENOZOIC ERA—AGE OF MAMMALS. In the Miocene and Pliocene of Europe are first found remains of that most destructive of carnivores, the saber-toothed tiger—Machairodus (Fig. 904). In the Miocene of Europe, also, the first true Monkeys (Fig. 903) were introduced (Flower). Before this, there were only lemurs or Prosimise. Perhaps it is well to call attention to the fact that, while the tapir-like Pachyderms predominate in the Eocene, the huge forms, e. g., Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus family, and Proboscidian
. Elements of geology : a text-book for colleges and for the general reader. Geology. 528 CENOZOIC ERA—AGE OF MAMMALS. In the Miocene and Pliocene of Europe are first found remains of that most destructive of carnivores, the saber-toothed tiger—Machairodus (Fig. 904). In the Miocene of Europe, also, the first true Monkeys (Fig. 903) were introduced (Flower). Before this, there were only lemurs or Prosimise. Perhaps it is well to call attention to the fact that, while the tapir-like Pachyderms predominate in the Eocene, the huge forms, e. g., Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus family, and Proboscidians, were first introduced and immediately became abundant in the Mio- cene. American Localities.—3. Marine Eocene of Alabama.—We select this as an example of American marine Eocene. At Claiborne, Ala- bama, according to Lyell, there occur no less than 400 species of shells, besides many Echinoderms, and abundance of sharks' teeth. But the most remarkable remains found there are those of an extinct whale— Zeuglodon cetoides—so called from the yoke-like form of the double- fanged molar teeth, which were six inches in length (Fig. 905). The skull was long and pointed (Fig. 906), and set with the double-fanged teeth behind and conical ones in front. The vertebrae, which are in such abundance that they are used for making fences and even burned by farmers to rid the fields of them, are, some of them, eighteen inches long and twelve inches in diameter (Dana), and the vertebral column has been found in place nearly seventy feet long (Lyell). The animal must have been more than seventy feet long, and the remains of at least forty individuals have been found (Lyell). They have been found in southern Georgia as well as in Ala- bama, and probably their range was quite extensive. This animal is peculiarly interesting as the first appearance of the very distinct order Cetacea. No intermediate links have yet been found connecting this with other orders of mammals, or with the grea
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