South American common toad (Bufo margaritifer). This toad, also called Sapo Crestado, secretes a toxic substance (exudate) from its parotid glands (be

---

South American common toad (Bufo margaritifer). This toad, also called Sapo Crestado, secretes a toxic substance (exudate) from its parotid glands (behind the eyes) to deter predators. Photographed at Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Quito, Ecuador.

---

Size: 5150px × 3421px
Photo credit: © SINCLAIR STAMMERS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No

Keywords: 1, amazon, amazonian, america, american, amphibian, animal, anura, anuran, biodiversity, biological, biology, bufo, bufonidae, colouration, common, crestado, crested, cryptic, deterrent, ecuador, ecuadorean, ecuadorian, exudate, fauna, forest, gland, glands, herpetology, leaf, margaritifer, nature, order, parotid, plant, poison, poisonous, quito, rain, rain-forest, rainforest, rhinella, sapo, secreted, secretion, single, south, station, tiputini, toad, toxic, toxin, tropical, tropics, vertebrate, wildlife, zoological, zoology