Aerial view of Holland Tunnel Ventilitation Towers on Hudson River, New York City,
Ventilation system The most significant design aspect of the Holland Tunnel is its pioneering ventilation system. At the time of its construction, underwater tunnels were a well-established part of civil engineering, but no long vehicular tunnel had been built: the technical hurdle was the ventilation required to evacuate the carbon monoxide emissions, which would otherwise asphyxiate the drivers. Begun in 1920 and completed in 1927, the tunnel is named after Clifford Milburn Holland (1883-1924), Chief Engineer on the project, who died before it was completed. Famed tunnel designer Ole Singstad finished Holland's work. The tunnel is one of the earliest examples of a ventilated design, having 80 ft (24 m) diameter fans blowing air in one series of ducts and out another series. Ventilation was required by the advent of the automobile and associated exhaust. The tunnel consists of a pair of tubes, each providing two lanes in a 20 feet (6 m) roadway width and feet ( m) of headroom. The north tube is 8,558 feet (2,608 m) from end to end, while the south tube is slightly shorter at 8,371 feet (2,551 m).[5] Both tubes are situated in the bedrock beneath the river, with the lowest point of the roadway approximately 93 feet (28 m) below mean high water. A nine-lane toll plaza equipped with E-ZPass (first made available in October 1997) is located on the New Jersey side of the tunnel. As of 2008[update], the cash toll for passage from New Jersey to New York is $8 for cars and $7 for motorcycles (there is no toll going to New Jersey). Vehicles equipped with an E-ZPass receive a discount during off-peak hours ($6 for cars, $5 for motorcycles). The amount of traffic at the Holland Tunnel has remained steady in recent years, despite tight restrictions on eastbound traffic in response to the September 11 attacks, including a ban on commercial traffic entering New York City, put in place after an August 2004 threat.
Size: 3413px × 5120px
Location: Hudson, River, New, York, City, NY, ,
Photo credit: © Robert Quinlan / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: .., ..., aerial, city, holland, hudson, ny, photo, quinlan, river, robert, towers, tunnel, ventilitation, view, york
