. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Oriental and European Apodemus 183. Fig. 5: Occlusal views (scanning electron micrographs) of right upper molar rows. A, Apode- mus latronum (AMNH 43589, China, CLM1-3 = mm); B, A. draco (AMNH 111927, China, CLM1-3 = mm); C, A. peninsulae (AMNH 84294, China, CLM1-3 = mm); D, A. argenteus (AMNH 119645, Japan, CLM1-3 = ). Note that cusp t3 is large and prominent on each M2 of A. latronum, A. draco, and A. argenteus, but reduced in size in this example o
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Oriental and European Apodemus 183. Fig. 5: Occlusal views (scanning electron micrographs) of right upper molar rows. A, Apode- mus latronum (AMNH 43589, China, CLM1-3 = mm); B, A. draco (AMNH 111927, China, CLM1-3 = mm); C, A. peninsulae (AMNH 84294, China, CLM1-3 = mm); D, A. argenteus (AMNH 119645, Japan, CLM1-3 = ). Note that cusp t3 is large and prominent on each M2 of A. latronum, A. draco, and A. argenteus, but reduced in size in this example of A. peninsulae (see also table 6 and Kawamura 1987). Cusp t7 is a short narrow ridge off cusp t8 and much smaller than lingual cusps tl and t4 on the Ml and M2 of A. peninsulae, but large and about the same size as cusps tl and t4 in A. draco. The posterior cingulum (pc) at the back of each Ml may be mostly merged with the ridge (r) connecting cusp t9 and t8 {A. peninsulae), larger but partly merged with the ridge (A. latronum), or free of the ridge and connected only to cusp t8 (A. draco). This range in expression of the posterior cingulum on Ml can be found in each of these three species, alt- hough the conformation in B is uncommon. A posterior cingulum is not present, or at least not developed and normally undetectable, at the back of each M2 in most specimens in every sample (see table 8). The ridge connecting cusp t8 with cusp t9 in A-C resembles a posterior cingulum but is not that cusp. In A. speciosus, which is related to the species shown in A-C, Kawamura (1978: 36) surveyed 378 Pleistocene and Recent first molars amd found the poste- rior cingulum "undeveloped" in 32, "intermediate" (resembling A and D) in 185, and "develo- ped" (similar to B) in 161; out of 228 second molars, he noted that the posterior cingulum was "undeveloped" in 145, "intermediate" in 44, and "developed" in 39. Apodemus argenteus has
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