. The 20th century toolsmith and steelworker; a complete, practical, and scientific book. areful to keepthe spring very straight without hammering the springedgewise. As the hammering of the spring on the flatsides, when at a low heat, is to refine and pack the steelwhich is one of the greatest secrets in successful springmaking. To bend the spring, heat it to a blood red(never exceeding a low cherry red), where the bend is 84 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY to be, then bend to the proper shape. If at any timeit is necessary to make a spring with a crook or offsetin it edgewise, the crook must be put in
. The 20th century toolsmith and steelworker; a complete, practical, and scientific book. areful to keepthe spring very straight without hammering the springedgewise. As the hammering of the spring on the flatsides, when at a low heat, is to refine and pack the steelwhich is one of the greatest secrets in successful springmaking. To bend the spring, heat it to a blood red(never exceeding a low cherry red), where the bend is 84 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY to be, then bend to the proper shape. If at any timeit is necessary to make a spring with a crook or offsetin it edgewise, the crook must be put in the steel beforethe last hammering is done, so that the steel may berefined and packed by the hammer, thus increasingthe tenacity of the spring, but do not hammer thesteel below a certain heat, as the tenacity of the steelwill be ruined when hammered too cold. There are different ways of tempering springs, butonly the simple and most successful methods are harden, heat the entire spring in the blaze of the a c Fig. 82. Illustrating the elastic strength of a well made fire, very evenly to a cherry red or just enough toharden, then plunge into the hardening bath and cooloff dead cold. Then polish it bright. To temper,hold the spring edgewise 2 inches above the fire, anddo not blow the fire, but heat very slowly, movingthe spring back and forth and occasionally turningover to insure a very even temper, watching very close-ly until the spring has drawn to a ve-ry pale blue, al-most grey. Do not cool off in water as other tools afterthe temper is drawn, but lay it down somewhere awayfrom a draft of cold air allowing it to cool off slowlyon its own accord. This is the authors favorite way TOOLSMITH AND STEELWORKER 85 of tempering a spring, and a spring as Figure 32, madeafter these directions, which for example, is 2 incheslong and II/4 inches between the ends c c, 1-16 thickand 5-16 wide, can be bent as indicated by dotted linesat a, until the ends meet, without f
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